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It can be observed now that the resolution along f1 is slightly higher than in the previous case but we cannot still appreciate the inner structure of the multiplets (e.g. For example, in this particular case we could try to extrapolate the FID along t1) from 128 to 1024 points in order to match the number of points along f2. A well known and very simple technique is simply to add zeros, a process called zero-filling which basically is equivalent to a kind of interpolation in the frequency domain. We could try to extrapolate the FID (somehow) along the columns (F1) to a higher number of points (e.g. You can easily see that doublets corresponding to protons H20a and H23 are resolved in F2 but not in F1. It's clearly appreciated that the resolution along F2 is much higher than the one along F1. This will display the 'Covariance NMR' dialog box which will allows you to select the 'Regularization Factor', the 'Filter' and an 'Indirect Covariance NMR'įor example, let's consider the COSY spectrum (magnitude mode) of Strychnine which has been acquired with 1024 data points in the direct dimension and with 128 t1 increments. You can easily apply the Covariance NMR tool just by following the menu 'Processing/Covariance NMR'. This usually means the resolution of the indirect dimension f1 is kept lower than that of f2. Where n is the number of scans per t1 increment, N1 is the number of T1 increments and Tav is the average length of one scan.
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However, increasing the number of t1 data points (increments) has a direct impact in the length of the experiment as can be seen from the Total acquisition time for a 2D NMR spectrum:
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In general, it could be said that the resolution along the direct dimension comes for free in a sense that increasing the number of data points does not augment the acquisition time of the experiment significantly. In the case of 2D NMR, the resolution of direct dimension (f2) depends, among other things, on the number of acquired complex points whilst the resolution of the indirect dimension (f1) is directly proportional to the number of increments (or number of acquired FIDs). Resolution and sensitivity are two key factors in NMR spectroscopy.